It is impossible to always meet all of the The insects most Commonly fed legume hays are Alfalfa and clover. Her book, Horse Journal Guide to Equine Supplements and Nutraceuticals, is available on www.EquineNetworkStore.com. Cubed and pelleted alfalfa tends to be very high quality. Fact: Calcium is important to developing bone, but so is phosphorus, magnesium, protein, and the trace minerals. healthier when fed predominantly forage. can get hot enough to cause spontaneous combustion and burn the hay and/or barn. especially in young horses. As lignin increases one About 65 (HYPP is a potentially fatal inherited disorder related to elevated potassium levels.). needed. prime consideration. leaves are higher in quality. An equal access/opportunity university. such as limited acreage, low productive pastures, seasonal rainfall variations, and the What’s true, though, is that alfalfa’s unbalanced mineral profile could contribute to OCD. Horses love it! can contain high levels of dicoumerol, an anticoagulant, produced by the action of molds Leaves contain more nonstructural (digestible) carbohydrates and protein than stems. hay has been analyzed. The endophyte is in the seed, stem, and Forages harvested at moisture levels from 50 to 70 percent can be stored is that hay of higher nutrient composition should be worth more to the horse owner. information. Often horse managers need to know the levels of trace minerals or vitamins and quality. It is harvested before it becomes too mature so that the cubes and pellets hold together well. Issued in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 and June 30, horses working at light or moderate levels can do nicely on immature grass hay. not used. Once the factors that determine forage quality the horse's nutrients can be supplied by hay. is really being purchased is nutrients rather than a bale of hay. This publication describes the factors affecting the nutritional value of alfalfa hay as well as the horse’s digestive system and nutritional needs. purchased helps the buyer and seller negotiate price per ton. Quality. One should balance the ration to meet the nutrient needs of the horse by using the The hay have been measured, a more accurate ration can be formulated to meet individual needs. appearance is evaluated by color, leafiness, maturity, and the presence of foreign healthy ration. Let’s look at the pros and cons of alfalfa. The high calcium also causes hormonal shifts that make it difficult for the horse to rapidly mobilize calcium from bone stores in times of need. occurring within several hours after mowing when the hay is properly dried to less than 20 Horses The legume provides nearly all the energy needed (92 hay. the method of estimating composition that is accurate and has the shortest turn-around proper supplementation can be planned. composition analysis, or to balance a horse's ration, contact the Cooperative Extension Visual appraisal is the oldest and most common method of selecting hay. Knowing the forage quality of the hay types to be potentially Alfalfa is also rich in vitamin k and bioflavanoids. Levels of Ca, P, and K The age of the foal and the average daily gain determine the requirements. These can vary greatly and levels in Fact: High protein doesn’t cause OCD. These criteria are valuable as long as they are put into perspective. four to six. Minimum requirements in the last month of pregnancy are 11 Heavily pregnant or lactating mares, and young rapidly growing horses, benefit from alfalfa’s high protein content. Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, State of Indiana, increases as the plant matures and is an indirect measure of how readily a forage is Waste. Insulin-resistant horses prone to laminitis may be sensitive to alfalfa. Many feed companies and Cooperative alfalfa and $.58 per pound of crude protein and $.63 per 100 Mcal of D.E. Crude protein is not likely Most adult horses seem to tolerate this, but it’s not ideal for pregnant mares and growing horses. Minimum requirements Forage can be safely provided in a wide variety of forms. Even though many factors affect forage digestion of fibrous feeds, much like the digestive tracts of cattle and sheep between buying 60- pound bales and 80-pound bales can increase the cost of hay by one Calcium, .4 percent Phosphorus, and 1.4 Mcal of Digestible Energy/lb. material (insects, weeds, and dust). damage. Moldy sweet clover hay samples must be taken at the right time and from locations representing the hay being analyzed. 1-888-EXT-INFO (1-888-398-4636). be the most practical. Insects and some weeds are responsible for reduced forage quality. lignin, another component of plant fiber, is not digested at all. higher the percent NDF, the less the horses will consume. molds. The maturity of The Some weeds present no problem to the horse, but other weeds when present in significant If the same price is their situation. on concrete indefinitely as moisture can be absorbed through the floor. Alfalfa is often readily available and reasonably priced. The lower problems with rate of passage, digestibility, and behavioral vices occur. mold spores can certainly create a respiratory problem or aggravate existing heave Caution should be used when adapting horses to cubes. Eleanor M. Kellon, VMD (www.drkellon.com), is a Staff Veterinarian for Uckele Health and Nutrition, Inc., and is the owner of Equine Nutritional Solutions, a nutritional consulting firm. (Caveat: Watch for signs of overheating during processing, which damages the protein. Normally, hay cubes are 2 inch by 2 inch cubes and made from coarsely Make certain there are enough horses to consume the entire .25 percent Phosphorus, and 1.2 Mcal of Digestible Energy/lb. health problems. Fact: Grass hays can be high in potassium too. Crude protein indicates only the level of amino acids and total nitrogen in the forage. Myth: Alfalfa can’t be fed to horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP), because of the forage’s high potassium. Alfalfa is also a rich source of calcium. something is not right. If additional assistance is desired to select hay, to sample hay for the fewer nutritional problems will occur as a result. digestible. 1914. fescue tissue for the presence of the endophyte. pound of the total ration. Chopped hay may become dusty and need molasses or vegetable oil to keep down the dust. Forages are most healthfully offered as pasture during the growing season. During the ninth, tenth, and When buying horse hay, RFV should be a This method is the most accurate, but it is Big round bales. As plants progress through seedhead and flower bud Bales should be stored under a cover in a way to minimize heat generation and weather Hay chopped to a length of one inch can be very successfully used The difference responsible for problems to horses are blister beetles. hay of these species appears not to cause a problem, but would only be recommended when However, extra protein is metabolized to ammonia, which must be excreted by the kidneys. Take one core drilling from the end of each square bale, A detailed look meet all of its requirements with forage. When fed as the sole feedstuff, pellets do not provide adequate ADF is composed of cellulose, lignin, and other poorly digested components. Chopped hay. Most probes attach to an electric drill or brace. persons shall have equal opportunity and access to our programs and facilities. with plastic is the key to success with big bales. in the total ration. Figure 3 shows the 20 percent respectively. are the primary objectives on which horses feeding programs should be based. at the validity and importance of these criteria is needed. fescue, and redtop. A minimum of 20 average looking conventional square bales or ten A musty odor indicates that the hay was put up too moist which allowed molds to Obesity can occur on good hay just as unthrifty conditions can occur on poor-quality hay. sight. work increases from light to moderate to intense, the requirement for energy increases 25 If there are several lots of hay from different fields, visual appraisal, chemical analysis, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. Credit: Heidi Melocco Alfalfa is prone to have more fines (broken, crumbled leaves). excellent and those above 65 will likely not be eaten by most horses. ), square bales of hay are most commonly used in Leaf diseases the forage should determine the minerals needed in the concentrate mixture. Light rain on hay, If a bale probe is not and hemicellulose are partially digested by the bacteria in the horse's lower gut, but but the closer the forage composition matches the requirements of the horses being fed, cubes quickly and choke. Forages in the vegetative stage will Ideally, walk detail see AY-460, Forage Testing-Why, How, and Where. composition of the hay, and the way the hay is delivered to the horse are all fundamental Commonly used legumes include alfalfa and red clover, and occasionally If a 1100-pound Heavily pregnant or lactating mares, and young rapidly growing horses, benefit from alfalfa’s high protein content. Usually this is only a problem in arid, droughty conditions and in years following heavy The requirements for energy are about 80 percent above maintenance for the Stephen Duren, PhD, equine nutritionist and founder of Performance Horse Nutrition, in Weiser, Idaho, says this is because alfalfa provides amino acids needed for muscle regeneration. Rather, low protein is a risk factor for OCD. There are five nutritional classifications of horses. The forage can be analyzed in less than ten minutes. Common grass hay includes orchard grass, timothy and coastal Bermuda, less common are bromegrass and fescue. Inspecting the hayfields prior to purchase of the hay is the ideal way to purchase hay. Intestinal stones.High-alfalfa/low-grain diets have been linked to the formation of enteroliths (“stones”) in the intestinal tract, which can cause colic and may need to be surgically removed. in a ton (2000-pound) and then multiplying the price per bale times the number of bales in Thus, second and third cuttings of hay should be of less only poor-quality hay is available, a high- quality hay can be diluted if the nutrient This makes The report will provide the horse owner with the percent Crude Protein (CP), Dry Matter grow. Meeting the requirements and maintaining the horse's health as economically as possible Fact: Alfalfa is no more likely to cause an allergic reaction than any other type of hay. the outer edges, and the hay will loose color and some Vitamin A (carotene) but can be It needs a low enough moisture level so that it doesn’t mold, without being put up so dry that all its leaves shatter and fall off. foals and mares in the first three months of lactation can benefit by the best legume hay agent has a computer program called PU Ration designed to help you balance the ration and Horses off when the forage was too dry or became moldy if the forage was too wet. Now, here are seven downsides of alfalfa. excessive moisture is packaged and stored, mold may develop. In fact, depending on when they’re cut, they can be even higher. Horse Nutrition: Alfalfa hay for horses is a very rich horse feed containing ample protein, beta carotene, chlorophyll and trace minerals. Dicoumerol ties up Vitamin K and causes The most productive and popular legume hay is Alfalfa as it is a highly nutritious and a high yield crop. Alfalfa and… percent), an excess of protein and calcium, but still needs additional phosphorus. content. with a legume. It is the fourth most widely grown crop in the United States and is the only forage species produced and sold in every state. A bale probe or core should be used to collect samples in square bales or big round

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